For electronic cigarettes used, we do not find any details in the text of the publication nor in the protocol yet published separately. We only know that the participants received their e-cigarettes by mail with cartridges of liquid concentrates to 16 mg/ml of nicotine that they could use at will.

We asked these details by email to Professor Bullen. It shows that the model distributed to participants is more than 3 years, that they had only one cigarette and that emergency charger was distributed in a second time. As for the cartridge, the capacity was only 0.5 ml, 8mg of nicotine which is at most 5 cigarettes. Above all, participants used an average cartridge per day, which is ridiculously low compared to the use of today vapoteurs. Professor Bullen recognizes, moreover, that “this is a limitation of the study and one of the potential explanations for the observed effects. He says the rest at the end of its publication, with the devices distributed vapoteurs could only get 20% of doses of nicotine they got with the cigarette.

Today vapoteurs have much more powerful devices, and kits containing two e-cigarettes to get them through the day without having to recharge. Above all, they have cartridges or much larger tank, allowing them again to take a day or make a one time their device. Thus, they actually consume nicotine they do not need suffer from the lack of signs. The fact that the participants of the study Bullen used only 8 mg of nicotine per day confirms that they were not satisfied by the material that had been given them or by the explanations that had been given them.

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Atlantico: According to a study , menthol cigarettes increase tobacco dependence and difficulty quitting. How is it that these cigarettes cause these effects while the composition appears identical to that of traditional cigarettes?

Jean-François Etter: With the minty taste, inhaling the smoke takes a certain smoothness. So, with mint , inhalations may be stronger and more frequent, because the sensory side is nicer. And if you inhale more mechanically inhale more nicotine.

The absorption of nicotine through the mouth , throat , bronchi and also in the pulmonary alveoli . Nicotine which is deposited in the mouth or throat will pass into the venous blood and is therefore relatively slowly reach the brain . Unlike nicotine that descends deep into the lungs and is deposited in the alveoli , the latter passes through the arterial blood and suddenly reaches the brain faster. Once in the brain it will have an impact on the pleasure of smoking and the addictive nature.

Because the brain releases a neurotransmitter called dopamine which gives the sensation of pleasure and relief from smoking. More nicotine passes rapidly into the blood, the more it will be addictive . It is the same for all drugs : crack, heroin , etc.

These cigarettes by their appearance and taste appeal to many young people. They represent a greater threat to public health?

Menthol cigarettes are a small market share in Europe. This situation is different in the United States , as in African- American populations these cigarettes are very popular. This is why the FDA is so interested in this issue. It seems that there is even a little mint in traditional cigarettes.